Biology For Higher Secondary
Topics in Botany and Zoology for Kerala State Higher Secondary (+2)
Class 11 – Botany and Zoology
Botany:
1. Diversity in Living World
– The Living World
– Biological Classification
– Plant Kingdom
2. Structural Organization in Animals and Plants
– Morphology of Flowering Plants
– Anatomy of Flowering Plants
– Structural Organization in Animals
3. Cell Structure and Function
– Cell: Structure and Function
– Biomolecules
– Cell Cycle and Cell Division
4. Plant Physiology
– Transport in Plants
– Mineral Nutrition
– Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
– Respiration in Plants
– Plant Growth and Development
5. Human Physiology
– Digestion and Absorption
– Breathing and Exchange of Gases
– Body Fluids and Circulation
– Excretory Products and their Elimination
– Locomotion and Movement
– Neural Control and Coordination
– Chemical Coordination and Integration
Zoology:
1. Diversity in Living World
– The Living World
– Classification of Animals
– Animal Kingdom
2. Structural Organization in Animals
– Morphology and Anatomy of Earthworm, Cockroach, Frog
– Animal Tissues
3. Cell Structure and Function
– Cell: Structure and Function
– Biomolecules
4. Human Physiology
– Nutrition
– Respiration
– Transportation
– Excretion
– Locomotion
– Nervous System
– Endocrine System
– Reproduction
Class 12 – Botany and Zoology
Botany:
1. Reproduction in Organisms
– Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
– Developmental Biology
2. Genetics and Evolution
– Mendel’s Laws and Plant Breeding
– Molecular Basis of Inheritance
3. Biotechnology and its Applications
– Biotechnology Principles
– Genetic Engineering
– Applications of Biotechnology
4. Ecology and Environment
– Ecosystem
– Biodiversity and Conservation
– Environmental Issues
Zoology:
1. Reproduction
– Reproductive System in Animals
– Developmental Biology
2. Genetics and Evolution
– Principles of Inheritance and Variation
– Evolution
3. Biotechnology and its Applications
– Biotechnology and Human Welfare
4. Ecology and Environment
– Ecosystem Structure and Function
– Biodiversity and Conservation
– Environmental Pollution and Control
Suggested Reference Books
Botany:
1. NCERT Biology Textbooks for Class 11 and Class 12
2. “Botany for Degree Students” by A. J. S. S. Brijwal
3. “Plant Physiology” by Taiz and Zeiger
Zoology:
1. NCERT Biology Textbooks for Class 11 and Class 12
2. “Zoology for Degree Students” by D. J. C. Selina
3. “Fundamentals of Zoology” by E. N. Campbell
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